| Welcome to the LEDs Magazine White Papers archive, which contains articles on a wide variety of technology areas.
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LATEST WHITE PAPERS
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Solving the System-Level Thermal Management Challenges of LEDs
Posted: May 2012
Thermal Management is critical to LED performance and life so mechanical designers need to consider thermal issues from the earliest stages of the development process.
Author: Mentor Graphics
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Automated Precision Assembly for High-Volume HB LEDs
Posted: April 2012
This paper presents a methodology and process flow supporting HB LED automated assembly, supported by equipment certification, product inspection and SPC data collection methods.
Author: Palomar Technologies
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Designing for Moldability
Posted: February 2012
Every process has its guidelines and limitations, injection molding is no exception. With this white paper, however, you can learn how to get real plastic molded parts made for your project faster than your competitors.
Download this free guide from Protomold to learn how to get the best possible results!
Author: Proto Labs, Inc.
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Understanding the IECEE CB Scheme: The Definitive Q&A Guide to Achieving International Approvals for Lighting Products
Posted: February 2012
The IECEE CB Scheme provides unlimited growth potential across international markets. At Intertek, we have a dedicated team of engineers that specialize in helping you achieve access to global markets. Our knowledge of the standards and the country-specific requirements will help increase the number of your product certifications worldwide.
Intertek's latest white paper is a collection of the most frequently asked questions about product testing and certification through the CB Scheme. It covers general questions you may have about the CB Scheme and global approvals, and highlights the 40+ IEC standards that apply to your lighting products and components.
Learn the answers to these questions and more:
Q: How can I apply for CB Scheme Certification?
Q: What types of testing are involved?
Q: How do I choose components to build my products?
Download the whitepaper to learn more about optimizing the process to speed your time to market.
Author: Intertek
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WHITE PAPERS - 2011
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MR16 Reference Design with Cree XLamp MT-G LEDs
Posted: December 2011
This application note details the design of an MR16 bulb with Cree’s XLamp® MT-G component. The goal of the design is to enable an LED-based MR16 replacement retrofit bulb that delivers equivalent performance to 35–50W halogen MR16s and conforms to the latest Energy Star requirements.
The design in this application note will show that a highly-efficient, high-lumen-output multi-die LED array such as the XLamp MT-G, when designed with the proper heat sink, optics and driver, can enable a true 35–50W MR16 bulb replacement, delivering superior product repeatability, efficacy and longevity.
Author: Arrow Electronics
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Design Note: 100 V, 450 mA Off-Line LED Driver with High PF
Posted: November 2011
This single stage, isolated PFC converter drives up to 100 V with dimming features in strip lighting and fluorescent tube replacement applications. Designers can set the maximum output voltage and current (up to 600 mA) and achieve 86% typical efficiency.
Author: ON Semiconductor
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Design Note: High Efficiency, Low Cost LED Dimming
Posted: November 2011
This flexible, low-cost LED dimming solution comprises LED management and a dimmer management / PWM signal functions. It delivers a 60 V output at up to 106 mA with over 80% efficiency, and works with a wide variety of dimmers.
Author: ON Semiconductor
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Thermal Foldback Technique for Extending LED Lifetime
Posted: November 2011
This application note describes implementation of a thermal foldback technique for the CAT4101 linear constant current LED driver that limits maximum allowed temperature, thereby optimizing LED lifetime.
Author: ON Semiconductor
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Buck-Boost Converter for 3 A LEDs
Posted: August 2011
There are situations when a converter is required to perform as a boost or a buck and to seamlessly shift from one mode to the other depending on the output to input voltage ratio. For example if 18 V / 2 A are required to drive a string of power LEDs while the input power comes from a 12 or 18V battery pack, this translates into a 10 to 25 V input range for the converter.
Since LEDs don’t necessarily need a drive voltage that’s referenced to ground, a “floating” boost arrangement can be used and this pseudo buck-boost can be both simple and efficient. During the ON time, the input current flows from the input supply through the inductor and MOSFET to GND. During the OFF time, the inductor keeps flowing and its path is closed through the load.
This Design Note describes such a circuit which operates from 10 to 25 V input and produces 15 to 22 V in order to drive a string of several power LEDs at up to 3 A.
Author: ON Semiconductor
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High Brightness LED Driver Solutions for General Lighting
Posted: July 2011
This white paper provides an overview of high performance, energy-efficient driver solutions for LED lighting applications. Solutions for driving LEDs include analog and dimming techniques, flyback converters and non-isolated DC-DC topologies and patent-pending self-biased transistor technology.
Author: ON Semiconductor
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LED Lighting Solutions
Posted: July 2011
This white paper offers an LED lighting solutions guide to drivers, power management, communication and control for solid-state lighting.
Author: ON Semiconductor
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78M6613 Safety Precautions
Posted: July 2011
When using a shunt as a current sensor with the 78M6613, V3P3 must be directly connected to the NEUTRAL wiring for precise energy measurement accuracy. This topology presents two potential safety issues:
• The 78M6613 ground pin is normally -3.3 V below earth ground.
• In the event of a LINE wiring reversal, the 78M6613 ground pin becomes 120/240 VAC.
Author: Maxim Integrated Products
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78M6613 Printed Circuit Board Layout Guidelines
Posted: July 2011
The highly integrated 78M6613 SOC minimizes the external component count and reduces the complexity of the printed circuit board layout design. However, some design issues require consideration for optimum measurement accuracy and reliability.
Author: Maxim Integrated Products
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78M6613 System on Chip Hardware Design Guidelines
Posted: July 2011
This application note provides hardware and system design guidelines for those incorporating the 78M6613 System on Chip in their products. These guidelines will help hardware engineers to reduce design cycle times.
Author: Maxim Integrated Products
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28V, 3.3A Off-Line High PF LED Driver
Posted: June 2011
This design note details a 28 V, 3.3 A off-line, high-PF LED driver solution ideal for area lighting applications.
Author: Frank Cathell, ON Semiconductor
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Universal Input, 20W, LED Ballast
Posted: June 2011
This design note details a universal input, 20W LED ballast solution for low-cost, low-current solid-state lighting applications.
Author: Anthony Middleton, ON Semiconductor
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High-Voltage HB-LED Driver
Posted: May 2011
This design note outlines a high-voltage, high-brightness (HB) LED driver with wide input- and output-voltage ranges.
Author: Tomas Tichy, ON Semiconductor
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Three-LED 300-mA MR16 Driver
Posted: May 2011
This design note covers various factors required to design a compact, three-LED MR16 lamp.
Author: Preston Zhu and Tim Wang, ON Semiconductor
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Lighting Technologies, Principles and Measurement
Posted: April 2011
The proper measurement of light is a precise and complex science. The first step in correctly measuring light is to understand the basics: Color-Rendering Properties, Color Temperature, Light Distribution, Total Luminous Flux and Mura. This white paper provides a brief explanation of each lighting technology, giving an overview of each principle in simple terms. It also goes into detail describing the best and most accurate method for proper light measurement. This paper aims to introduce you to the world of light, and to help you understand how to measure it.
Author: Konica Minolta
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Controlling LEDs
Posted: April 2011
Ten years ago, many people didn’t even know what an LED was. Today, they’re the new hot item on the shelves – and everyone wants to use them. Often, designers do not know how to control LEDs or they have had negative experiences working with them. This white paper will provide a brief overview of what an LED is and how to use LEDs for general illumination applications and the advantages and limitations of doing so. It will also go into detail about why you should consider dimming LEDs and what questions need to be answered in order to dim LEDs properly to meet your expectations. The overall goal of this paper is to make you more comfortable with using LEDs on your projects.
Authors: Amanda Beebe and Ethan Biery, Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
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Universal Off-Line LED String Driver with PFC Design Solution
Posted: February 2011
This design note describes a compact solution featuring AC-DC conversion, power-factor correction and constant current to the LED. The LED design is ideal for applications where performance and efficiency are key, including LED-based fluorescent-tube replacements.
Author: Frank Cathell, ON Semiconductor
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Halogen Desk Lamp Conversion to LEDs
Posted: January 2011
The ENERGY STAR® and other regulatory standards for solid state lighting luminaires include requirements for a minimum Power Factor (PF) for portable desk lamps and other residential applications. Typical LED driver solutions at this power level normally have a PF which falls below the required standards. This paper describes a solution that has been specifically designed to exceed the residential ENERGY STAR® PF requirements with minimal components and comparable light output to standard halogen bulb solutions.
Authors: Jim Young and Bernie Weir, ON Semiconductor
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WHITE PAPERS ARCHIVE
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Company Profile: Docter Optics
Docter Optics provides advanced projection headlights for automotive applications, as well as products and services that include precision glass components, optical systems, express glass and automotive solutions.
Lighting controls offer a reasonable first step toward improving energy efficiency
Evaluation of thirteen of the leading lighting control vendors for commercial offices indicates that solutions can reduce electricity consumption by 35-55%, however payback can range from 2-10 years, say David Raezer and Romahlo Wilson of Cleantech Approach.
Schréder LED fixtures utilize HSMtec printed board technology
Lighting manufacturer Schréder has incorporated HSMtec printed-board technology from Häusermann GmbH in the development of new street-lighting fixtures that reduce energy consumption compared to standard lighting technologies and achieve homogeneous illumination.
Reading between the lines -- how to make accurate performance assessments from a power LED datasheet
Relying on headline datasheet numbers can cause problems without proper analysis of how LEDs will perform in the desired application under operating conditions, explain Rudi Hechfellner and Steve Landau of Philips Lumileds.
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